Ever heard of Catarratto, Grillo, Rkatsiteli, or Kakheti? While universally celebrated varietals like Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Pinot Noir dominate global markets, lesser-known indigenous grapes are making a robust return to the winemaking spotlight. With over 10,000 different grape varieties worldwide, it's time to dive into the world of these historical gems that are captivating wine enthusiasts and sommeliers alike.
Categorizing Grapes: Indigenous vs. Universal
Grapes are broadly classified into two categories: indigenous and universal. Indigenous grapes are those that are uniquely grown in their native region. These varieties often showcase the specific terroir and climatic conditions of their place of origin. Universal grapes, on the other hand, such as Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, and Pinot Noir, have been transplanted to and thrive in wine regions all over the world.
Take Pinot Noir as an example. Originating in Burgundy, it is now a global presence, cultivated from California to South Africa. This adaptability contrasts sharply with indigenous grapes, which are deeply rooted in their birthplace's landscape and culture.
The Rich Heritage of Italian Indigenous Grapes
Italy is home to a dazzling array of over 500 indigenous grape varieties. Sicily, for instance, boasts unique varietals such as Grillo, Lucido, Ansonica, and Nero d'Avola, each grown in specific micro-regions like Contessa Entellina and Mount Etna. Similarly, Italy's renowned grapes like Sangiovese in Chianti Classico or Nebbiolo in Barolo are internationally recognized, while lesser-known varieties such as Schioppettino and Negroamaro offer fascinating exploration for wine lovers.
Georgia: The Cradle of Wine
Georgia, located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, has an ancient winemaking history with over 525 acknowledged indigenous grape varieties. Some of these were once on the brink of extinction but are now being revived and celebrated for their unique characteristics. The preservation of these grapes ties into broader themes of cultural heritage and biodiversity, which are critically important for the region's identity and future sustainability.
Portugal’s Volcanic Island Varietals
On Pico Island in the Azores, winemakers cultivate three noble indigenous varieties—Terrantez do Pico, Arinto dos Açores, and Verdelho do Pico. These grapes are intricately linked to the island's volcanic terrain, delivering wines that are mineral-rich and saline-infused, reflecting the island’s rugged landscape. The naming and classification of these grapes is essential for maintaining the region’s vinous heritage.
Why Indigenous Grapes Matter
Indigenous grapes are much more than just a trend; they are a connection to historical winemaking practices and regional cultures. For winemakers, these grapes offer a sense of authenticity and an opportunity to produce wines that are truly expressive of their terroir. In the Azores, for example, the maintenance of indigenous grape varieties has reignited the island's viticulture after a steep decline.
Moreover, these grapes have adapted over centuries to their local environments, often displaying remarkable resilience to climate changes. For instance, lesser-known varietals may prove more robust in facing the challenges of global warming, enabling winemakers to sustain and even enhance grape quality under changing conditions.
Overcoming Challenges
Despite their potential and historical significance, indigenous grapes face challenges. Lesser-known varieties often lack the commercial appeal of universal grapes, making them a harder sell to consumers unfamiliar with their unique profiles. Nonetheless, an increasing number of adventurous wine drinkers are drawn to the stories and traditions behind these native grapes.
The Road Ahead
The growing interest in indigenous grapes signifies a shift towards valuing heritage and diversity in winemaking. Young and adventurous consumers are increasingly open to exploring these unique varieties, providing a broader market for wines that tell a story of their origin.
Whether it’s the hardy Forcada of Spain's Penedes or the late-ripening Ribolla Gialla of Italy’s Friuli, the future of winemaking looks poised to celebrate these lesser-known varietals, ensuring that they play a vital role in the narrative of global viticulture.
Explore Unique Wines with Quincy
Discover and store wines with a distinct story and impeccable provenance. Join the journey at Quincy and find a curated selection of indigenous varietals essential for any wine aficionado. Register here to begin your exploration.
